![]() ![]() On the other hand, one of the limitations of an HMD is the possible risk of cybersickness, which can cause some symptoms such as headache and nausea. An HMD, which is an important component of VR, allows users to facilitate a sense of “being there”, which helps them feel like they are in the real world. One of the main characteristics of VR is that the user can experience a reproduced real-world virtually, and this allows them to have a sense of self-location within it by moving their head and eyes. Using VR with a head-mounted display (HMD) could be an effective method to address this concern as an HMD can easily stream 360-degree movies and images, and low prices of HMDs are currently available, meaning that they can be used in clinical practice. From the point of view of situation awareness, whether to show the actual traffic situation is an essential factor in the hazard perception test, and it is assumed that the visual limitation of the size of the monitor is the weak point of the hazard perception test. In order to drive any vehicle safely, it is vital to ensure extensive visual confirmation with rotation of the neck and trunk to check the lateral and posterior sides of the vehicle. However, there are still some limitations in that subjects only have a limited visual field through the limited range of the monitor view because the hazard perception tests in previous studies were conducted over a personal computer or tablet. This sense is useful for conducting a hazard perception test because it allows the subject to feel like they are driving on the road. The virtual environment can create presence, which is a state of consciousness, the (psychological) sense of being in the virtual environment. Virtual reality (VR), such as video clips, is useful for facilitating situation awareness. Hazard perception is usually evaluated by showing a video to the participants. It is essential to establish and implement the hazard test in which the subject can feel like they are driving on the road. Therefore, it is important to identify whether the hazard perception test can show the actual driving situation or not. Situation awareness theory is the model that humans make a decision based on a combination of individual factors and the perception of elements in the current situation (Level 1), comprehension of the current situation (Level 2), and perception of future status (Level 3) (please refer to Figure 1). A recent systematic review revealed that the hazard perception test is a practical evaluation to distinguish novice from experienced drivers. In addition, experienced drivers seem to be able to respond to hazards faster than novices. Furthermore, the hazard type identified by novice drivers appeared to be different from the experienced drivers, and experienced drivers can identify higher numbers of hazards than novice drivers. Other studies clarified that hazard perception can be improved with driving experience. A previous study showed that a driver’s limited hazard perception is directly linked to increased traffic accidents, whereas sufficient hazard perception could help avoid the risk of traffic accidents. Hazard perception, which is defined as situation awareness for dangerous situations in the traffic environment, is one of the essential driving skills because a previous study revealed that hazard perception has the highest correlation with traffic accidents among the other driving skills. ![]() The important aim of driver evaluation is to identify the risk of drivers’ accidents and violations accurately. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the VR hazard perception test may be useful for evaluating patients’ driving skills. A chi-square test revealed that experienced drivers were more likely to identify the hazards than the novice drivers ( p 0.05). Two of the hazards appeared to be only identifiable through the HMD. Results: The total number of identified hazards was 1071 in the novice drivers and 1376 in the experienced drivers. ![]() Methods: The novice ( n = 32) and the experienced drivers ( n = 36) participated in the hazard perception test through the VR of an HMD. The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in the hazard perception and cybersickness experienced between novice and experienced drivers measured in a VR hazard perception test with a head-mounted display (HMD). Background: Although various technologies are used to evaluate driving skill, there are some limitations such as the limited range of the monitor and the possible risk of causing cybersickness.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |